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Importantly, Parsons believed the post–World War II isolated family style represented the summit of social evolution in the same manner that "American society has reached the maximum level of industrialization" (Pitts 1964, p. Parsons' views regarding rigidly divergent gender roles were molded by his acquiescence to Freud's deterministic notions of biology and psychology, including Freud's most famous-"Anatomy determines destiny." Her mission was to provide a haven for her husband, to nurture her children, and, when possible, to be active in her community (Seeley et al. Parsons emphasized it was not the wife's place to pursue occupational achievement in the marketplace. Furthermore, the booming postwar economy, including its suburban explosion, made this autonomous household style more of a reality for more citizens than ever before. Because it was typically in the household's own best interest to declare their independence from their kin, they did so. Because the husband could obtain financial wherewithal from sources other than his kin, he and his wife and children were no longer dependent on them. The household gained its independence from kin control, he said, owing to the nature of industrial society. And because its boundaries were deemed sacrosanct, happenings within the household were concealed from the prying eyes of kin, friends, and neighbors. Its autonomy was indicated by a high degree of privacy. He emphasized that, unlike husband-wife households in the agricultural era, the post–World War II husband-wife household was independent from the day-to-day control and ultimate authority of its blood kin. In his role as task-leader, the husband held ultimate household authority.īut if households were predominantly husband-wife in both the extended and in the nuclear styles, what momentous evolutionary change had occurred corresponding to the shift from the agricultural to the industrial age? Unfortunately, Parsons used the misleading term isolated to capture what in fact was a highly significant difference. The husband's principal roles were good provider and instrumental task-leader, and the woman's were good wife/mother and expressive leader (nurturing agent) for her husband and children. By contrast, the post–World War II isolated nuclear family style was urban-based and, said Parsons, referred to a heterosexual, and parenting, couple only ever married to each other. Often, though not always, the households were situated in relative proximity and were frequently (although not always) engaged in shared agricultural pursuits. The extended style referred to an array of husband-wife households linked both by blood and a network of mutual support. Just as the West had evolved from the agricultural to the industrial age, Parsons reasoned that the post– World War II family style had evolved from extended into what he called isolated nuclear. He called the process structural differentiation, and it coincided with the process of industrialization in the West. Parsons reasoned that the post– World War II isolated nuclear family style was the final culmination of a long journey-the end point of an evolutionary process that had been occurring for several hundred years. The forms SF took in the 1950s and 1960s came almost exclusively from the imagination of Talcott Parsons (1955) these forms were elaborated by his students (Bell and Vogel 1960 Pitts 1964). And like those other primordial life forms, its survival is owed in part to its adaptive capabilities. To be sure, like other ancient life forms that have managed to survive, SF has mutated over time. Although virtually no one today would call her or himself a functionalist, SF stands unchallenged in terms of sway it holds over the realm of research and theory about families. Despite the range of theories that ostensibly replaced it (Doherty 1999 Vargus 1999), SF remains tenaciously in place. Indeed, there is no other single theoretical perspective that seriously rivals it. Its continuing influence on the ways research and teaching are carried out, and its impact on public policies for families, are as robust as ever before. Nevertheless, the fact that by the early twenty-first century SF was formally eradicated in no way diminished its potency. Subsequently, in today's articles and books about families, the explicit use of functionalist jargon has largely vanished. She did not, however, attempt to account for that contradiction and, in any case, by the 1970s, functionalist theory was overtly abandoned throughout the social sciences. Although only a relatively few researchers in the 1960s labeled themselves as SF-types, the great bulk of published work in the study of families was, she noted, shaped by SF assumptions, perspectives, and views of the social world. Jennie McIntyre (1966) was the first scholar to discern the curious paradox of structural functionalism (SF) within the realm of research and theory about families.
“A Candy-Coated Christmas” (10 p.m., Food Network) - Also from Food Network, this time with Pioneer Woman Ree Drummond: Molly Gallant’s (Molly McCook) carefully planned life takes an unexpected turn when she learns from her father Fred (John McCook) that the family business is facing bankruptcy. “CMA Country Christmas” (9 p.m., ABC) - Legendary acts and country music stars perform Christmas classics and festive collaborations scheduled performers include Scotty McCreery, Steven Curtis Chapman, Dan + Shay, Maren Morris, Old Dominion, Molly Tuttle, and The War and Treaty. “Silent Night: A Song for the World” (8 p.m., The CW) - The creation and cultural impact of the world’s most famous Christmas carol, composed in 1818 in Salzburg Hugh Bonneville narrates. It stars Chevy Chase, Beverly D’Angelo, Randy Quaid and Diane Ladd. ” National Lampoon’s Christmas Vacation ” (8 & 10 p.m., AMC) - The Griswolds spend the holiday with relatives in this 1999 holiday comedy, including a country cousin who arrives in an RV. “Scentsacional Christmas” (8 p.m., Lifetime) - In this new movie, sparks fly between a beautiful perfumer and a handsome writer as they work together to save her father’s candle business. When a series of misunderstandings threaten to tear everything apart, will the magic of the holidays lead everyone to have a Merry Christmas? Hazel, who hopes to save the family business by winning $100,000 in a gingerbread house competition led by food celebrity Mark Clemmons (Duff Goldman), finds unexpected romance with local contractor James Meadows (Marc Bendavid), a family friend who is helping to restore the bakery. The movie finds Hazel Stanley (Tiya Sircar) spending the holidays with her father Ted (Sugith Varughese) in Chicago, where she discovers the family bakery is in decline and that former best friend Shelby (Kyana Teresa) has opened a trendy new bake shop across the street. “A Gingerbread Christmas” (8 p.m., Food Network) - Food Network steps up the holiday movie game with this story, featuring an appearance by Duff Goldman. Fred Astaire explains the Santa Claus origin story - which includes his struggle against the bitter Burgermeister Meisterburger, who fights to keep Kris Kringle from delivering toys to the children of Sombertown. “Santa Claus Is Comin’ to Town” (8 p.m., ABC) - This 1970 stop-motion special is maybe the greatest Christmas special ever created (my opinion, but I’m right). ” Home Alone ” (6 p.m., Freeform) - Accidentally left behind by his Paris-bound family at Christmas time, an 8-year-old (Macaulay Culkin) makes mincemeat of two burglars (Joe Pesci, Daniel Stern) in the house. As the tensions of the Christmas deadline grow, so does a romance between Melissa and David, but their diverging goals could be a deal breaker for their new relationship. This new movie follows the story of Atlanta property stager Melissa Norwood (Katie Stevens) as she teams up with her old high school crush, real estate agent David Phelps (Victor Rasuk), and local artists Henry and Sarah Wright (Ben and Erin Napier) to prepare and sell her mom’s home before the holidays. “A Christmas Open House” (10 p.m., HGTV) - That’s right, HGTV. NOTE: You can make it a marathon by starting with “The Santa Clause” at 6 p.m. “The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause” (10 p.m., Freeform) - In this 2006 movie, the third in the “Santa Clause” franchise, Scott Calvin (Tim Allen), aka Santa, contends with visiting in-laws (Ann-Margret, Alan Arkin) and a scheme by mischievous Jack Frost (Martin Short) to freeze him out of Christmas. The new relationship soon complicates his plans to turn a beleaguered community center into a financially profitable resort. The plot: A Christmas-obsessed fitness instructor begins a holiday romance with a mysterious businessman. “Fit for Christmas” (9 p.m., CBS) - This is one of the few broadcast network original movies airing this season. This time, the boy hero accidentally boards a flight to New York (the family is headed to Miami) and lands in Manhattan, where he battles two burglars (Joe Pesci, Daniel Stern) he faced before. “Home Alone 2: Lost in New York” (8:20 p.m., Freeform) - In this 1992 sequel to “Home Alone,” Kevin (Macaulay Culkin) is once again separated from his family at Christmas. The Who to Follow section shows you the Players who have done some distinctive work for Krunker as Staff, E-Sports Figure, Streamer, Skin Maker, Map Maker, Mod Maker whom you can follow for posts related to their field. KrunkTV features a Krunker content creator who is streaming live at that time. On the left side, Krunker News brings your the latest Insights related to the game. If the user hosting the giveaway has a lot of followers, you are less likely to win, but when the host has less followers you are more likely to win. Then the giveaway is decided upon a random follower from the hosts follower list. To win a giveaway, you have to see a post, then follow the user and like the post.To host a giveaway, you have to click the "" button on hosting a giveaway, then you set a KR amount and you can add a message that goes along with your giveaway.How to host/win Giveaways on the Krunker Hub The "Clan" section gives you all the posts made by members of the clan you're in. The "Giveaway" section gives you all posts which have KR giveaways.The "Hot" section gives you the posts that received the most likes, however the post is removed from this section after 24 hours from the time the post was posted.The "Following" section contains posts from users followed by you, this is the default category selected when you load Krunker Hub.For Giveaway posts, following and liking the post is a requirement to enter.Match Outcomes (For public matches only).Spin outcomes (only for Contraband and Unobtainable skins).You can make regular posts with normal texts.They can view the posts from the players whom they are following, most liked posts, recent global posts, or posts by clan members. The Krunker Feed is the Place where the Players can communicate with his/her followers, Clan Members, or Globally. The search results sort by highest to lowest level, and can only display a maximum of 1,000 results. On the top left corner of the Krunker Hub, a search bar can be used to search and find player names. If the user is not logged in, a button to login to an account will replace the profile area. The user can view very detailed information and statistics about their account, such as market history or account age. The Krunker Hub can be accessed by visiting: Profile Ĭlicking the profile picture or player username in the top left corner, leads to the account stats. 1 The Krunker Hub can be accessed by visiting:.The rocket launcher when shot on a wall nearby or on the floor deals 5 damage to the shooter too.Ĭurrently the only class capable of weapon-inflicted self-damage is the Rocket Launcher. The Rocket Launcher can deal area-of-effect (AoE) damage, allowing it to damage more than one player at the time. Thus it can be said that the lower the pierce value of a weapon, the less damage reduction it receives. So a weapon with a pierce value of 1 will deal 50% less damage, while a weapon with a pierce value of 0.2 will deal only 10% less damage. The damage reduction of a weapon is calculated base using the following formula: Base damage * (0.5 * pierce). However, if a weapon's bullet does pierce through an object, the damage dealt is lowered. However, some weapons cannot pierce through an an object these weapons include the Rocket Launcher, Pistol, Knife, Blaster, and Crossbow. Weapons can pierce through players, and certain objects on maps. Weapons deal decreasing damage with range starting at the weapon's respective "falloff range." Some weapons such as the Semi Auto do not have falloff damage and deal the same damage regardless of range. Some weapons such as the Crossbow, Blaster, and Rocket Launcher cannot activate body part multipliers whether it has a headshot multiplier or not.Damage hitting a player's equipped weapon will not affect player health.The following is a table of multipliers depending on the body part damaged: Reverse the Arabic text such as “عكس النص” into “صنلا سكع” using this Arabic text inverter.resrever txet siht htiw deifsitas %001 t'nera uoy fi eetnaraug kcab yenom a reffo eW You'll have to reverse this one to decipher it.Doing molecular biology work and need to arrange DNA sequences? Have both strands written in 5'-3' order and need to reverse one? Then look no further!.If you have a list of email addresses that you want to sort by domain name, you can reverse the entire list, sort them and then reverse them back so that they are readable.If you play chess and use the FEN notation to describe the placement of pieces on a chessboard, you can reverse the FEN string and to see how the board looks from the other player's perspective.Save time by taking Hebrew text that was keyed right-to-left and convert it to a right-to-left format.Thanks to utilities-online for suggesting these lines for our backwards text decoder :) deny a pioneer free beer? free? no i pay ned The same is true with the following phrases and names: You can send the “I love you” message in backwards to your friends, i-e “uoy evol I” and make your messages more interesting.For example, 'racecar' when reversed is also 'racecar' when spell backwards. Try to find words that are exactly the same when reversed.If you find another one, send it to us and we'll post it here. Try to find a word, or combination of words, that when reversed spell something funny or strange (e.g., 'knits i', 'god a ward', 'bats', 'desserts', 'and', 'live', 'evian' and 'star').Make sure to test it with an online notepad before you send it. When he calls and asks what the problem with your email is, tell him that he must be having computer problems. Confuse your boss by sending him an email about the project you are working on completely in reverse. Avoid the surprise of getting embarrassed at some point in the future by finding out now.Translate it using our backwards text generator.
Only if you are brewing with undermodified malts or a high percentage of unmalted adjuncts will you need an additional step. In BeerSmith, these are listed as full, medium, and light body mash profiles corresponding to different saccrification temperatures.Īfter reading the above steps, it should be clear that for most homebrewing applications using modern highly modified malts all that is required is a single step mash profile. The practical implications are that if you mash at a higher temperature for a shorter time you will get a sweeter, malty beer with higher body, while mashing a a lower temperature for a longer period will result in a thinner, cleaner beer with lighter body. These two work in different temperature ranges of approximately 101-150F for beta and 154-162 for alpha. There are two enzymes called alpha amalyse and beta amalyse that break down long sugar chains in your mash. The saccrification temperature you choose is always a compromise. In this step, long sugar chains are broken into smaller ones that can be easily fermented by yeast. Saccrification – 148-158F – The main event and critical mashing step is the saccrification step.However, fully modified malts (including most modern malts) do not benefit from a protein rest. In undermodified malts, this will aid in head retention, reduce haze, and enhance malty flavor. Protein Rest – 127F (52C) – A protein rest helps to break down long protein and amino acid chains into smaller ones needed for the mashing process.Beers that are very high in unmalted ingredients such as unmalted barley, unmalted wheat, or oatmeal (> 25%) can benefit from a 20 minutes rest in the 98-113F range, which can reduce the chance of a stuck mash. Modern highly modified malts rarely require a Glucanese rest. This is covered in our article on mash pH. The primary advantage of an acid rest is to naturally lower the pH of the mash which has a number of benefits in the finished beer. Acid and Glucanese rest – 95F (35C) – to break down gummy solids (glucose) and lower pH of the mash for undermodified malts.Here are typical ranges for commonly used mashing steps and their purpose: However, in some cases multiple steps are warranted. As previously mentioned, most brewers use a single conversion step in the 148-158 F range. Once you have selected the method for mashing, you need to determine the number of steps in your mash profile. However, temperature mashing is an acceptable alternative if you can both raise and maintain temperatures in your mash tun with some precision. Homebrewers use this technique less often since it is hard to precisely maintain the temperature of a large pot over a burner, and heating an insulated mash tun requires more than the simple plastic water cooler. This method is used by many commercial brewers who have precise control over their mash vessels. Temperature mashing involves applying direct heat to the mash tun to raise and also maintain the desired temperature for a mash. However, many continental beer styles such as Pilsners, German styles, and Vienna styles do benefit from a traditional decoction mash. It also requires more time than infusion mashing. ĭecoction mashing is almost always a multi-step mash, and does require an additional boil pot to boil the decocted portion. The technique is covered in detail in our article on decoction mashing. Rather than adding water at fixed temperatures, a portion of the mash is drawn off and boiled at each step to raise the temperature of the mash for the following step. Decoction Mashingĭecoction mashing is a continental process developed before accurate thermometers were widely available. The equipment needed is minimal – usually a single insulated water cooler can act as both mash tun and lauter tun. With software and a little practice, the infusion temperature can be accurately calculated for any target temperature. Using modern malts, almost all of the world’s beer styles can be duplicated using a single infusion mash. The advantages of a single infusion are many. We covered single infusion mashing techniques in our earlier article. After the water is added, the mash is left in an insulated container for 30-90 minutes and then sparged to produce sweet wort for brewing. A single step infusion involves mixing in a single water addition at a certain temperature so the target infusion temperature (typically 148-158F) is reached in a single step. The Single Infusion MashĪ single step infusion mash is the bread and butter for 90% of the world’s all-grain brewers. This week we provide an overview of mash techniques and their impact on your beer. Using an authentic mashing technique for a particular beer style will improve the flavor, clarity and character of your finished beer. Follow profiles have a significant impact on home brewed beer. I’ve always found it to be more effective when I tailor the rewards to each child and subject. The charts below are set up for monthly tracking BUT just because they are monthly homework charts doesn’t mean you can’t set rewards at the daily or weekly level. SUBJECT/ASSIGNMENT/DUE DATE/CHECKBOX HOMEWORK CHART I hope these weekly homework planners make life easier this year! While they vary a little bit most of them allow some combination of assignments or class, days of the week, dates, due dates, daily reading tracking, and some form of completion in the form of a checkbox or otherwise. WEEKLY HOMEWORK CHARTSīelow are a variety of weekly homework charts and planners. I hope one of the ones below, whether you use rewards or eschew them, works for your family and each specific child no matter what parenting style you use in your home! Just click on the text links below each preview image to download your PDF and then print your preferred hw chart for your home. Like these printable homework charts and planners? I’d love a re-pin or facebook share if you’re willing. You may also like these printable first day of school signs and bedtime routine charts too. Or leave a comment and I might be able to squeeze in some time to create new ones based off reader feedback.). ( I’ll be adding more and more over time so check back if you don’t see the one you want. In order to find the balance between too much and too little homework, I’ve spent some time creating homework charts, checklists, and planners for a variety of situations. I’d assume most Moms rest in this cozy middle area with me. Neither am I going to let them just play every day. But I’m definitely not going to lose it if my kids miss a day of homework. I’m not saying any of the either of the above approaches are more correct than the other, to each their own and every child needs to be parented in the way that suits them best. When it comes to homework I’m very, very comfortably between the tiger moms and the free-rangers, who respectively are strict disciplinarians who want sky-high academic results at all times and parents content to let their kids learn by doing and being independent as possible. Of all the mixed emotions there is a constant that always seems to be a source of frustration in our home: homework. □ I also know that those clothes and supplies can cost a small fortune and with school comes endless homework, extracurricular activities, and the endless stream of paperwork and dates and times to remember for each child. But with the start of school, there is also the realization that I only get so many fun summers with my little ones before they want to hang out with their friends more than Mom. For myself, as a Mom of a growing brood, there are the pros: first day of school signs and pictures, cute back to school clothes, quieter and more productive days, etc. It’s back to school and “too much homework” as they always say. For the kids, of course, it’s mostly sadness that the hazy lazy days of a hot summer have come and gone. Back to school brings mixed emotions in my home. The cheeseckae would be the more ‘delicate’ dish because it will curdle if over baked. If I wanted to cook a cheesecake at 350F (180C) and a lasagna at 400F (200C). And expect the other item to take longer than normal.Īlso put the more delicate / lower temp dish on the lower shelf as well.įor example. Use the oven set point for the most delicate item or for the one with the lowest temp. – – – – – – – – – – How to cook 2 things in the oven at the same time at different temperatures Cooking at 180C instead of 200C will take 34 minutes instead of 30 minutes. So something that takes 30 minutes at 400F will take 34 minutes at 350F. From our conversion chart above, 350F instead of 400F will take 1.14 more time. – – – – – – – – – – What happens if you bake at 350 instead of 400? For bread baking, pizza or anything where you’re looking to get significant rise in the oven (like a souffle) it’s better to stick to the recipe temperature because you need the heat to cause the air to expand or the steam to be created which gives a light springy texture. There is a time when lower temperatures do NOT help. Lower temperatures are great because they give you a larger window of time between when your dish is cooked perfectly and when it gets over cooked.įor meat cooking lower slower cooking usually results in more tender succulent meat or poultry. – – – – – – – – – – Can I bake something at a lower temperature for longer?ĪBSOLUTELY! If you have more time cooking at lower temperatures can be great because you will get more even cooking.Īvoiding the burnt edges on your cake and the under baked middle (which sinks as it cools) is an excellent idea. But if I’m really rushed I will tweak the temperature slightly higher by no more than 50F / 20C / 1 Gas Mark. But sometimes I do start at the higher temperature for 10 or 15 minutes to speed up the cooking then reduce the temp back down.įor sweet treats and baked goods I generally stick to the recipe cooking temperature and time because it can be easy to burn the edges before the middle is cooked. Generally for these larger cuts it’s better to stick to the lower temperature for the longer time. For small individual pieces of food like chicken thigh fillets or fish fillets or meatballs this isn’t a problem because the food will cook through.īUT for a whole chicken, whole fish or large cut of meat you will need to be careful that you don’t get burnt on the outside and still raw in the middle. The thing to watch out for is that you’re going to get quicker browning at a higher temperature. – – – – – – – – – – Can I cook something at a higher temp for a shorter time?Ībsolutely! I do this all the time. For pizza, fast roast fish and times when I’m short on time. Basically good for cooking everything else.Ĥ80F = 250C = GM9 – aka ‘cranking it’. Roasting nuts.Ĥ00F = 200C = GM6 – Perfect roasting temperature for roasting veggies, roasting chicken, roast beef, roast lamb, cooking baked dishes, reheating food. similar to a slow cooker.ģ00F = 150C = GM2 – regular slow roasting.ģ50F = 180C = GM4 – for most sweet baking, cookies, cakes etc. – – – – – – – – – – Oven Temperature Conversion GuideĢ00F = 100C – super slow cooking for meats etc. Shelf Height / Position in the OvenĮven in my fan assisted oven, things cook quicker on the top shelf than they will on the bottom. The more space, the easier it is for the heat to penetrate and the quicker the cooking time. If you have equal amounts of say veggies for roasting and cram one sample into a small roasting dish but spread the other sample out on your largest rimmed baking sheet, there will be a significant difference in the time each takes to cook. This can result in you checking, opening, checking, opening and things ending up taking significantly longer than planned. Opening the oven.Įvery time you check and open the oven door, the temperature in the oven drops. – – – – – – – – – – Other factors to consider when adjusting cooking times for different temperatures. NOTE: There will be slight differences in your calculations for Celsius but the results won’t be significantly different. – – – – – – – – – – Common Examples of Different Temperatures – Celsius – – – – – – – – – – Common Examples of Different Temperatures – Fahrenheit Khan Academy’s 100,000+ free practice questions give instant feedback, don’t need to be graded, and don’t require a printer. Green’s, Stokes’, and the divergence theoremsįrequently Asked Questions about Khan Academy and Math Worksheets Why is Khan Academy even better than traditional math worksheets?.Applications of multivariable derivatives.AP Calculus AB solved free response questions from past exams.Applying derivatives to analyze functions.
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